Direct current (DC) motor is a type of electric machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. Absorbs electricity through direct current and converts it into the mechanical rotation. The windings, once powered by electric current, create magnetic fields that set in motion the magnets connected to the rotor (a rotating part of a machine that generates or transmits power is defined as rotor). The rotor then converts and transmits the movement of the magnets to the motor shaft. The rotation speed depends on both the electrical input and the motor design.
Uses of DC Motors
Robots
DC motors in robots operate something like rails, arms or cameras. DC motors are particularly convenient for their efficiency and high torsion, ideal for robotics.
Toys
DC motors are very popular among children’s toy manufacturers. Small DC motors are used in remote-controlled cars and model trains. Their popularity is due to the ease of use and their robustness. The availability of different voltage varieties allows the use of DC motors in toys that require the most disparate speeds to perform different movements. Some of them are also connected to a controller.
Electric cars
Among the different types of motors that are installed in electric cars, DC motors are considered to be among the most efficient and durable. In addition to large production houses, mechanics and DIY enthusiasts also prefer DC motors, especially the series type.
Electric bicycles
Electric bicycles owe their success to the fact that they do not require a particular driving license. The maximum speed is, in fact, less than 25 km/h. The motor is compactly incorporated into the rear or front wheel hub, or mounted in the centre of the bike and connected to the pedal pinion.
CONCEPTS
Working of a DC Motor
A normal dc motor produces torque using electromagnetic forces using the principle that when a current-carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field it experiences a mechanical force. When a current-carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field, it experiences a torque and has a tendency to move. In other words, when a magnetic field and an electric field interact, a mechanical force is produced. The DC motor or direct current motor works on that principle. This is known as motoring action.
Structurally and construction wise a direct current motor is exactly similar to a DC generator, but electrically it is just the opposite. Here we unlike a generator we supply electrical energy to the input port and derive mechanical energy from the output port. The direction of rotation of this motor is given by Fleming’s left-hand rule, which states that if the index finger, middle finger, and thumb of your left hand are extended mutually perpendicular to each other and if the index finger represents the direction of the magnetic field, middle finger indicates the direction of the current, then the thumb represents the direction in which force is experienced by the shaft of the DC motor.
L298N Motor Driver IC
